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Dictionary of Vocational Psychology
Work
Work is systematic effort that requires the expenditure of mental or physical effort to move objects or carry forward one's thought over time. However, leading theorists have defined work in other ways. For example, Super (1976) defined it as "the systematic pursuit of an objective valued by oneself (even if only for survival) and desired by others" (p. 20).
Note that Super would require that the objective be not only valued by oneself but also desired by others. However, with the proposed definition, an activity could be classified as work even if it is not desired by others. One could engage in work (from one's own perspective) even if the goal of the work were both unknown and not desired by others.
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Updated May 2, 2007
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