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Dictionary of Vocational Psychology
Needs
Several vocational psychology theories (e.g., Roe, 1956; Dawis, 1996) in include "needs" as a central construct. In the theory of work adjustment, Dawis proposes a similar model that assumes the existences of needs (or requirements) that workers have, classifiable into biological needs (for survival) and psychological needs (for well-being). Workers can satisfy their needs through opportunities provided by "work reinforcers" (such as pay), while work environments can maintain or increase desired behavior by satisfying worker needs. For Dawis, work environments may also have needs satisfied through characteristics of workers. Needs may be assessed through measures of values (on which Dawis focused) or interests. Dawis and others associated with the theory of work adjustment have developed a measure of values (The Minnesota Importance Questionnaire, or MIQ) for practical use in person-environment correspondence counseling.
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Updated April 20, 2002
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